Stakeholders

• City authorities: set equity and safety constraints; grant curb and charging access.
• Public transport agencies: integrate timetables, ticketing, and first/last‑mile services.
• AV operators and OEMs: expose APIs for fleet state and controls; ensure safety cases.
• DSOs/TSOs and energy retailers: provide price, capacity, and CO₂ intensity signals; pilot V2G.
• Communities and riders: co‑design service zones, accessibility features, and privacy safeguards.
• Academia: method validation, independent evaluation, and fairness audits.